Michael J. Shaffer is currently professor of philosophy at St. Cloud State University.  He is also a fellow of the center for formal epistemology at Carnegie-Mellon University, a fellow of the Rotman Institute for Science and Values at the University of Western Ontario, a Lakatos fellow at the London School of Economics, a fellow of the University of Cologne’s summer institute for epistemology and an NEH fellow at the University of Utah. His main areas of research interest are in epistemology, logic and the philosophy of science, and he has published more than fifty articles and book chapters on various topics in these areas. He is co-editor of What Place for the A Priori? (Open Court, 2011) and is the author of Counterfactuals and Scientific Realism (Palgrave-MacMillan, 2012), Quasi-factive Belief and Knowledge-like States (Lexington, forthcoming) and The Experimental Turn and the Methods of Philosophy (Routledge, forthcoming).